Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science

A study of the relationships between volunteers' commitments to organizations and beneficiaries and turnover intentions.
We used the three-component model of commitment that includes affective, normative, and continuance components to study the commitment of volunteer workers to their organisation and beneficiaries, and examine how these components independently and jointly related to volunteers' turnover intentions. Based on a sample of 343 volunteers from various organisations, we found affective and normative organisational commitment and normative commitment to beneficiaries to be uniquely related to turnover intentions. In addition, we found two statistically significant cross-foci interactions among the components. Namely, affective and normative commitments to beneficiaries were more strongly related to turnover intentions when affective organisational commitment was low. The implications of these findings for future research on volunteers' multiple commitments are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
Factor analysis of the Spanish Burnout Inventory among Mexican prison employees.
This study was designed to assess the factor structure of the Spanish Burnout Inventory in a sample of 1131 Mexican prison employees. This instrument comprises 20 items distributed in 4 dimensions: enthusiasm toward the job (5 items), psychological exhaustion (4 items), indolence (6 items), and guilt (5 items). The factor structure was examined through confirmatory factor analysis. To assess the factorial validity of the Spanish Burnout Inventory, 4 alternative models were tested. The 4-factor model obtained an adequate data fit for the sample. The results show that the 4-model factor of the Spanish Burnout Inventory possesses adequate psychometric properties in the Hispanic cultural context. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
An empirical analysis of three intelligences.
This article tests a new model of social intelligence, emotional intelligence, and cultural intelligence. Online surveys were collected from 467 students in business courses at a large university in the northeastern part of the United States (N = 467). Analyses were conducted using principal component analysis and structural equation modeling. Using AMOS, multiple models of the relationship among these intelligences were developed to determine, as hypothesized, if social intelligence was superordinate to emotional and cultural intelligences, which are presented as distinct but overlapping constructs. Results did not support social intelligence being superordinate to emotional intelligence and cultural intelligence. Findings did support emotional intelligence and cultural intelligence being distinct but related. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
Ecological resources affect children's play.
Nonhuman animals', infants', and young children's play seems partially determined by the ecological arrangement and specifically, the surface on which play will occur and the available materials. The effect of surface and materials on children's play has received some attention, but it has not been investigated systematically. To address this issue, children's play forms and social participation were observed weekly at a sensory table, an activity that uses both surfaces and objects. The sensory table surface consisted of rocks, sand, soil, or water, and available play materials comprised of either minimally-structured or highly-structured objects. Sand and water yielded the most salient differences. More sophisticated cognitive and social play forms occurred with sand whereas water evoked more rudimentary activity. The availability of highly-structured objects produced more mature cognitive play forms; minimally-structured objects led to more sophisticated social activity. The results of this study suggest some of the ways that ecological arrangements direct children's play. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
La perception des piétons par les conducteurs: Corrélations entre les données d'un œil électronique et le verbatim des conducteurs. / The perception of pedestrians by drivers: Correlations between electronic eye and drivers’ verbatim.
The pedestrian is particularly exposed in the field of accidentology and has been the object of studies in diverse disciplines such as psychology or the safety of transportation. Working from models based on cognitive neurosciences and social cognition, this pilot study has for objective to investigate the perception of the pedestrian by the driver. It combines visual saliency measures taken from the recording of road scenes, with data resulting from the discourse retranscription of 11 drivers viewing these same scenes. To describe and understand the relations between these two types of data, the robust canonical correlation analysis was applied. This method brings to light the links between the overall visual environment and the drivers' verbatim. Although exploratory, these results show the link between the measures of saliency and the elements noticed by the drivers and can be interpreted as illustrating the complementarity of the processes bottom-up and top- down in perception. It can be observed that the pedestrian stands out when the driver is not evolving in a crowded environment and if the interaction with the former takes place in a pedestrian zone or in a courteous manner. Thus the drivers show themselves particularly sensitive to the legitimate/illegitimate character in the driving situation which seems to focus their attention and their feelings. Thus this analysis allows to emphasise on a multidimensional construct of the act of driving, integrating the vision, the social representations and the feelings of the drivers according to the contexts of driving. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
La technique du leurre: Impact du délai, du solliciteur et de l'implication sur la soumission. / The Lure technique: Impact of the delay, the solicitor and involvement on the submission.
The Lure technique consists in obtaining compliance with an initial attractive request and then, after the participant's agreement, in informing him/her that it is impossible to carry out this first request. Afterward, a second less attractive request is proposed. Thusly, more compliance to the second request is obtained than in a control condition where this request is directly addressed to the participant. Only one experimental study was conducted with this technique in an equivocal relationship situation between the participant and the solicitor where the solicitor had a higher social status than the participant. Three experiments were conducted that show that the lure technique: 1) still remained efficient when the two requests were asked by two different solicitors 2) was more efficient when the level of participant's involvement in the first request increased 3) became inefficient when a 5 minutes delay between the two requests was used. Commitment theory was used to explain the results. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
Chercher un sens à ses rêves: Rapports avec le bien-être, la personnalité et l'accessibilité onirique. / Seeking meaning to dreams: Dealing with welfare, personality and dreamlike accessibility.
The persistence of significant beliefs about dreams across different eras of human history leads to the premise that this is an important phenomenon. What is at the origin of the emergence of these beliefs among some people? Do they have a specific function for humans? The literature on these issues is limited; a parallel with the field of the paranormal has been suggested. Some 354 participants were asked to keep a daily journal of their dreams and to answer questionnaires about personality, level of psychological well-being and their beliefs about dreams. The elements suggested for acquisition and retention of paranormal beliefs can be partially transferred to beliefs concerning dreams. Thus, the adoption of beliefs concerning oneiric significance and oneiric spirituality is related to the presence of negative experiences and sensitivity to subjective experiences. The moderating aspects of psychological frontiers, of absorption, as well as dream recall were also assessed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
Étude longitudinale du lien entre les changements vécus durant la transition primaire-secondaire et les symptômes dépressifs des adolescents. / Longitudinal study of the link between the changes experienced during the primary-secondary transition and depressive symptoms in adolescents.
Only a few studies on depression consider puberty, body image, and school experience all together. The aim of the present three-year-long longitudinal study is to provide further information regarding the association between changes happening during the elementary-to-high school transition and depression symptoms in teenagers. Measures of puberty, body image, class environment, and depressive symptoms were collected on a sample of 499 teenagers. Results of regression analysis show that early puberty, negative changes in body image and a decrease in support from the teacher during the transition explain teenagers' depressive symptoms after the transition. Our results highlight the importance of taking into account sex differences in response to this transition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement - Vol 45, Iss 2