Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

Momentary cannabis use motives and associated affective changes in daily life.
Objective: Cannabis use is prevalent and increasing among adults in the United States. Individuals who use cannabis commonly endorse using cannabis to enhance positive affect (PA) or cope with negative affect (NA). Importantly, enhancement motives are associated with greater frequency of use, and coping motives are associated with cannabis-related problems. We used ecological momentary assessment to test whether daily-life reports of enhancement- and coping-motivated use are associated with improved affective states. Method: Participants (N = 48, Mage = 24.15, 81.3% White, 50.0% female, 45.8% male, 4.2% nonbinary) who reported using cannabis 3+ times per week completed 14 days of ecological momentary assessment, which included random and self-initiated cannabis use surveys. Participants reported PA and NA at every survey and cannabis use motives any time they reported using cannabis. Multilevel models adjusted for last-prompt PA/NA, person-level motives, alcohol use, social context, weekend, time of day, age, and gender. Results: Higher momentary enhancement motives predicted increased PA from the last survey (b = 0.28, SE = 0.07, p <.001), and higher momentary coping motives predicted increased NA from the last survey (b = 0.07, SE = 0.02, p = .003). Conclusions: Findings highlight positive reinforcement purposes of cannabis use and suggest that endorsement of coping motives for cannabis use may be accompanied by exacerbated NA rather than improved NA. Future work should examine the generalizability of these findings in samples with greater representation of diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds and among individuals who are in or seeking treatment for cannabis-related problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
Use and co-use of alcohol and cannabis following physical pain in the daily life of community adults engaged in regular substance use.
Objective: Alcohol and cannabis are often perceived as pain-relieving. However, minimal work has examined whether people use and co-use these substances following pain in daily life. Method: Forty-six adults reporting weekly use of alcohol and/or cannabis completed a 60-day ecological momentary assessment protocol, answering at least four daily reports on their alcohol and cannabis use and pain (nassessments = 10,769 over 2,656 days). We examined whether self-reported pain so far that day (cumulative-average pain) was associated with subsequent alcohol and cannabis use and same-occasion co-use. Models also addressed whether associations differed for initiating versus continuing a use episode. Hypotheses were preregistered. Results: A multinomial multilevel model found that cumulative-average pain was associated with a greater likelihood of same-occasion co-use in the continuation phase but not the initiation phase, compared to no use (OR = 1.48,95% CI [1.06, 2.06], p = .023) and alcohol use (OR = 1.52, CI [1.03, 2.26], p = .037). Cumulative-average pain was largely not associated with alcohol-only and cannabis-only use. After alcohol use, greater pain was associated with cannabis use (OR = 1.37, CI [1.11, 1.70], p = .004), but not the reverse. Secondary analyses found greater previous-occasion (not cumulative) pain was associated with initiation of alcohol use and number of drinks, and initiation and continuation of cannabis use, but not number of cannabis hits. Conclusions: Although not all hypotheses were supported, pain was associated with subsequent substance use in this sample engaged in regular substance use and not recruited for chronic pain. Cumulative pain may be particularly related to alcohol–cannabis same-occasion co-use, which may increase the risk of substance use-related problems over time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
Latent transition analysis of time-varying cannabis use motives to inform adaptive interventions.
Objective: The rising prevalence of daily cannabis use among older adolescents and young adults in the United States has significant public health implications. As a result, more individuals may be seeking or in need of treatment for adverse outcomes (e.g., cannabis use disorder) arising from excessive cannabis use. Our objective was to explore the potential of self-reported motives for cannabis use as a foundation for developing adaptive interventions tailored to reduce cannabis consumption over time or in certain circumstances. We aimed to understand how transitions in these motives, which can be collected with varying frequencies (yearly, monthly, daily), predict the frequency and adverse outcomes of cannabis use. Method: We conducted secondary analyses on data collected at different frequencies from four studies: the Medical Cannabis Certification Cohort Study (n = 801, biannually), the Cannabis, Health, and Young Adults Project (n = 359, annually), the Monitoring the Future Panel Study (n = 7,851, biennially), and the Text Messaging Study (n = 87, daily). These studies collected time-varying motives for cannabis use and distal measures of cannabis use from adolescents, young adults, and adults. We applied latent transition analysis with random intercepts to analyze the data. Results: We identified the types of transitions in latent motive classes that are predictive of adverse outcomes in the future, specifically transitions into or staying in classes characterized by multiple motives. Conclusions: The identification of such transitions has direct implications for the development of adaptive interventions designed to prevent adverse health outcomes related to cannabis use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
Concurrent and long-term effects of early pubertal timing on alcohol, cigarette, and cannabis use from adolescence to adulthood.
Objective: Early pubertal timing is a risk factor for substance use during adolescence. Fewer studies investigated whether early pubertal timing continues to predict substance use in late adolescence and adulthood, suggesting that long-term effects of pubertal timing vary across substances and by biological sex. Finally, existing studies on pubertal timing and substance use in adulthood involved predominantly White samples. Thus, this longitudinal study examined the concurrent and long-term effects of pubertal timing on alcohol, cigarette, and cannabis use together with sex differences in predominantly Black youth from the United States. Method: The sample included 603 youth (52% male, 80% Black) who were interviewed in early adolescence (mean age: 13.2), late adolescence (mean age: 17.6), and young adulthood (mean age: 27.7). During early adolescence, youth self-reported their physical maturation based on Tanner scores, which were adjusted for age and used as indicators of pubertal timing. Youth self-reported their substance use at each time point. Results: Early pubertal timing was associated with higher odds of alcohol use during early adolescence but did not predict alcohol use during late adolescence or adulthood. While early pubertal timing did not predict cigarette use at any time point, early pubertal timing predicted greater odds for cannabis use during early adolescence and higher rates of cannabis use in adulthood. Moreover, early pubertal timing predicted greater risk for couse of alcohol, cigarettes, and cannabis in adulthood. No effects differed by sex. Conclusions: These findings suggest that links between pubertal timing and substance use vary across substances and developmental periods. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
Use and co-use of tobacco and cannabis before, during, and after pregnancy: A longitudinal analysis of waves 1–5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study.
[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 38(7) of Psychology of Addictive Behaviors (see record 2025-40494-001). In Table 1, the Past 30-day cannabis use row now appears as Past 30-day cannabis only use; the Past 30-day tobacco use row now appears as Any past 30-day tobacco use. The Total sample at prepregnancy sample of 344 (50.14%) now appears as 342 (49.85%). Figure 3 also has been updated. All versions of this article have been corrected.] Objective: Co-use of tobacco and cannabis may be prevalent in pregnancy, potentially leading to additional adverse health outcomes. Utilizing a national sample of women followed prospectively before, during, and after pregnancy, this study tested whether prepregnancy co-use of tobacco and cannabis (vs. tobacco-only use and cannabis-only use) was associated with greater likelihood of continuing to use tobacco and/or cannabis during pregnancy and postpartum. Method: Data were drawn from Waves 1–5 (2013–2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Prepregnancy, pregnancy, and postpartum data were captured and stacked over three intervals (Waves 1–3, 2–4, and 3–5). Participants were N = 686 U.S. women (72% White, 46% age 25–34) who were currently pregnant during the middle wave of an interval. Rates of tobacco-only use, cannabis-only use, and tobacco and cannabis co-use at all three time points were examined. Results: Generalized estimating equation models demonstrated that pregnant women who reported prepregnancy tobacco and cannabis co-use (vs. tobacco-only or cannabis-only use) were more likely to continue to use tobacco and/or cannabis during pregnancy and relapse in postpartum (p <.05). Among women who endorsed prepregnancy co-use and continued to use tobacco and/or cannabis in pregnancy, about half transitioned to tobacco-only use (45.16%). Conclusions: Findings underscore the need for further clinical and empirical focus on dynamic patterns of use/co-use of tobacco and cannabis across the perinatal period, including cessation interventions to reduce tobacco and cannabis use in pregnancy and protect against relapse in postpartum. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
Correction to “Use and co-use of tobacco and cannabis before, during, and after pregnancy: A longitudinal analysis of waves 1–5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study” by Powers et al. (2024).
Reports an error in "Use and co-use of tobacco and cannabis before, during, and after pregnancy: A longitudinal analysis of waves 1–5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study" by Jessica M. Powers, Sarah F. Maloney, Eva Sharma and Laura R. Stroud (Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, Advanced Online Publication, Apr 18, 2024, np). In Table 1, the Past 30-day cannabis use row now appears as Past 30-day cannabis only use; the Past 30-day tobacco use row now appears as Any past 30-day tobacco use. The Total sample at prepregnancy sample of 344 (50.14%) now appears as 342 (49.85%). Figure 3 also has been updated. All versions of this article have been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2024-74068-001.) Objective: Co-use of tobacco and cannabis may be prevalent in pregnancy, potentially leading to additional adverse health outcomes. Utilizing a national sample of women followed prospectively before, during, and after pregnancy, this study tested whether prepregnancy co-use of tobacco and cannabis (vs. tobacco-only use and cannabis-only use) was associated with greater likelihood of continuing to use tobacco and/or cannabis during pregnancy and postpartum. Method: Data were drawn from Waves 1–5 (2013–2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Prepregnancy, pregnancy, and postpartum data were captured and stacked over three intervals (Waves 1–3, 2–4, and 3–5). Participants were N = 686 U.S. women (72% White, 46% age 25–34) who were currently pregnant during the middle wave of an interval. Rates of tobacco-only use, cannabis-only use, and tobacco and cannabis co-use at all three time points were examined. Results: Generalized estimating equation models demonstrated that pregnant women who reported prepregnancy tobacco and cannabis co-use (vs. tobacco-only or cannabis-only use) were more likely to continue to use tobacco and/or cannabis during pregnancy and relapse in postpartum (p <.05). Among women who endorsed prepregnancy co-use and continued to use tobacco and/or cannabis in pregnancy, about half transitioned to tobacco-only use (45.16%). Conclusions: Findings underscore the need for further clinical and empirical focus on dynamic patterns of use/co-use of tobacco and cannabis across the perinatal period, including cessation interventions to reduce tobacco and cannabis use in pregnancy and protect against relapse in postpartum. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
Effects of cannabis use on cigarette smoking cessation in LGBTQ+ individuals.
Objective: Sexual and gender minority individuals are more likely to use tobacco and cannabis and have lower cigarette cessation. This study examined cannabis use associations with daily cigarettes smoked in sexual and gender minority individuals before and during a quit attempt. Method: Participants included dual smoking same-sex/gender couples from California that were willing to make a quit attempt (individual n = 205, 68.3% female sex). Participants reported baseline past 30-day cannabis use and number of cigarettes smoked and cannabis use (yes/no) during 35 nightly surveys. Individuals with current cannabis use reported baseline cannabis use and/or nightly survey cannabis use. Multilevel linear models predicted number of cigarettes smoked by cannabis use. Results: Number of cigarettes decreased from before to during a quit attempt, but this decrease was smaller in individuals with current cannabis use compared to no current cannabis use (p <.001). In individuals with current cannabis use, number of cigarettes smoked was greater on days with cannabis use (p <.001). Furthermore, cannabis use that day increased overall number of cigarettes in those with relatively high overall cannabis use but only during a quit attempt in those with relatively low cannabis use (Within-Subject Cannabis Use × Between-Subject Cannabis Use × Quit Attempt interaction; p <.001). Conclusions: Sexual and gender minority individuals with cannabis and cigarette use may have a harder time quitting smoking than those who do not use cannabis. For those with cannabis use, guidance on not using cannabis during a quit attempt may improve cigarette cessation outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
Correction to “Measurement invariance and other psychometric properties of the Short Inventory of Problems (SIP-2R) across racial groups in adults experiencing homelessness and alcohol use disorder” by Goldstein et al. (2022).
Reports an error in "Measurement invariance and other psychometric properties of the Short Inventory of Problems (SIP-2R) across racial groups in adults experiencing homelessness and alcohol use disorder" by Silvi C. Goldstein, Nichea S. Spillane, Marie C. Tate, Lonnie A. Nelson and Susan E. Collins (Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2023[Mar], Vol 37[2], 199-208). The sample sizes in the first sentence of the Method section in the abstract now appear as (N = 493; NAI = 125, Black = 205, and White = 163). All versions of this article have been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2022-58798-001.) Objective: People experiencing homelessness are disproportionately impacted by alcohol-related harm. Racially minoritized groups are disproportionately represented in the homeless population and are likewise disproportionately impacted by alcohol-related harm. Most alcohol outcome measures have not been adequately psychometrically studied in this marginalized population and across racial groups. This study documents psychometric properties, including measurement invariance, reliability, and convergent validity, of a measure of alcohol-related harm, the Short Inventory of Problems (SIP-2R), across Black, North American Indigenous (NAI), and White adults experiencing homelessness and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Method: Adults experiencing homelessness and AUD who had participated in one of two randomized controlled trials of harm-reduction treatment (N = 493; NAI = 125, Black = 205, and White = 163) were included in this psychometric study of the 15-item SIP-2R. Results: Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) indicated that a model comprising one general alcohol-related harm factor overarching five factors, showed close fit and partial scalar invariance, χ²(329, N = 493) = 624.902, p <.001, comparative fit index (CFI) = .966, root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) = .074, 90% CI [.066, .083], standardized root-mean-square residual (SRMR) = .063, confirming acceptable measurement equivalence across racial groups. The SIP-2R showed internal consistency (α = .94, ω = .95) and convergent validity, that is, positive correlation between the total SIP-2R score and the number of drinks consumed the heaviest drinking day, ρ(490) = .30, p <.001. Conclusion: This study provided support for the internal consistency, convergent validity, and cross-group measurement equivalence of the SIP-2R for NAI, Black, and White adults experiencing homelessness with AUD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
Daily associations between resilience factors, substance use, and affect among sexual minority youth.
Objective: Past research has highlighted that sexual minority youth (SMY) are at particular risk for heightened substance use compared to their heterosexual peers; however, few studies have investigated the associations between resilience factors and substance use among SMY. In the present preregistered study, we examined the associations among three different forms of resilience factors (i.e., general social support, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ)-identity affirmation, LGBTQ community involvement) and alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis use, as well as on positive and negative affect. Method: SMY (n = 82, ages 15–19, 56.1% cisgender women, 84.4% White) completed a baseline assessment then a 30-day ecological momentary assessment study. Multilevel regression models evaluated within-day and between-person associations between resilience factors and odds of substance use (alcohol, nicotine, cannabis), substance use quantity on use days (alcohol, cannabis), positive affect, and negative affect. Results: On the day level, general social support was associated with greater positive affect, lesser negative affect, and greater drinks on drinking days. LGBTQ-identity affirmation was associated with greater positive affect, lesser negative affect, and greater odds of nicotine use. LGBTQ community involvement was associated with greater positive affect. Conclusions: These results highlight the nuanced ways that resilience may engender more positive affect and reduce negative affect while simultaneously promoting substance use. Future research disentangling the mechanisms connecting resilience and substance use among SMY is necessary. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors - Vol 38, Iss 7